熔融还原炼铁工艺环保可行性初步研究——以广州珠江钢铁为例

熔融还原炼铁技术是目前国内外高度重视的新一代炼铁技术,Corex和Hlsmelt是其中的代表工艺。文章就炼铁工艺在技术、环境、经济等方面有不同的要求而提出可行性判别指标,对Corex、HIsmelt与传统高炉工艺进行各判别指标的对比分析,并结合广州珠江钢铁有限责任公司现址建设炼铁项目这一实例从定性和定量的角度判别三种工艺的优劣,从而指出,对于珠钢现址,Corex和H／smelt比高炉技术更适应环保要求,更利于珠钢的未来发展,其中HIsmelt最具优势和竞争力。     

Degradation of chlorinated phenols by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Chlorophenols (CPs), as important contaminants in groundwater, are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron received a great deal of attention because of its excellent performance in treating recalcitrant compounds. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were prepared using chemical reduction, and the reductive transformations of three kinds of chlorinated phenols (2-CP, 3-CP, and 4-CP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron under different conditions were investigated. The transformation process of the CPs was shown to be dechlorination first, then cleavage of the benzene ring. The removal efficiency of the CPs varied as follows: 2-CP > 3-CP > 4-CP. The reactivity of CPs was associated with their energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (E _LUMO). With the increase in initial concentrations of CPs, removal efficiency decreased a little. But the quantities of CPs reduced increased evidently. Temperature had influence on not only the removal efficiency, but also the transformation pathway. At higher temperatures, dechlorination occurred prior to benzene ring cleavage. At lower temperatures, however, the oxidation product was formed more easily. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 698–702 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

水源更换对给水管网水质的影响研究

为了研究水源更换对给水管网水质的影响,对北方A市水源更换过程中管网水质理化指标进行了监测分析.通过33 h的监测发现,由于水源水质不同造成管网水质化学不稳定,管网水水质部分指标发生了明显的下降,pH从7.54降到7.18,碱度从188　mg·L^-1降到117 　mg·L^-1,氯化物从310 　mg·L^-1降到132 　mg·L^-1（以Cl^-计）,电导率从0.176　S·m^-1降到0.087 　S·m^-1,钙离子和镁离子略有下降分别为15 　mg·L^-1和11 　mg·L^-1,这些都是由于滦河水质与黄河水质不同造成的;余氯在换水过程中发生了较复杂的变化,主要是由于水源更换造成耗氯量增加以及夜间用水量少造成管网水输配时间长引起的;pH、碱度、余氯的变化使得管网水中铁的含量增加,最高达到0.4 　mg·L^-1,超出饮用水标准规定的0.3 　mg·L^-1.通过分析水源更换过程中水质的变化,提出了控制管网水质稳定的方法主要有提高pH、增加碱度、投加缓蚀剂和严格保证出厂水及管网水水质指标特别是余氯等.     

来源于土壤和灌溉水的砷在水稻根表及其体内的富集特性

采用土壤-玻璃珠联合培养的方式,选择2个氧化能力不同的水稻品种YY-1、94D-64(品系)和采自浙江富阳的土壤(砷的本底值为13.8 mg·kg-1),并设灌溉清水和含砷水2个处理(即在分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期5个生育阶段灌溉含砷污水,随灌溉水进入土壤中砷的浓度为3.2mg·kg-1),研究了砷在土壤-根表铁氧化物-水稻系统中的累积规律以及土壤和灌溉水对水稻秸秆和籽粒富集砷的贡献程度.结果表明,水稻的秸秆生物量及其籽粒产量并没有受到不同来源砷的显著影响;灌溉含砷水处理的两品系水稻根表铁氧化物沉积的数量(YY-1∶196 g·kg-1,94D-64∶75.8 g·kg-1)高于对照(YY-1∶175g·kg-1,94D-64∶60.1 g·kg-1),但差异不显著.然而,在水稻5个不同的生育期灌溉含砷水均显著增加了砷在其根表及其体内不同部位的富集(94D-64籽粒中砷含量除外).没有灌溉含砷水的对照其秸秆和籽粒中累积的砷来源于土壤,而砷处理的水稻其秸秆和籽粒中富集的砷则来源于土壤和灌溉的含砷水.土壤对YY-1和94D-64秸秆中富集砷的贡献率分别为76.5%和71.O%,灌溉水的贡献率分别为23.5%和29.0%,2个水稻品系之间没有明显差异.YY-1籽粒中的砷66.4%来源于土壤,33.6%来源于含砷灌溉水,灌溉水对该品系籽粒中砷的富集贡献率较高.另一品系94D-64籽粒中砷84.8%来源于土壤,15.2%由灌溉水贡献,灌溉水对此品系籽粒累积砷的贡献率较低.来源于土壤和灌溉水的砷在水稻籽粒中的富集没有超出我国的国家食品卫生标准(0.7 mg·kg-1).     

氯化蒸馏废酸还原回收锗

以锗烟尘氯化蒸馏后的废盐酸为原料,以废铁为还原剂,使废酸中的有价金属锗以还原态沉淀富集在渣中,强化氧化氯化蒸馏回收四氯化锗,锗的综合回收率达94．10％。同时生产净水剂用液体氯化铁产品。     

我国废钢加工设备发展中的问题及管理建议

我国钢铁工业的快速发展,带动了废钢回收及废钢加工设备产业的发展。介绍了我国废钢加工设备的生产规模及现状,对废钢加工设备制造企业多元化发展现象进行分析,并对废钢加工设备制造企业的规范化管理提出合理化建议。     

河南遂平石寨铺铁矿区地球物理特征及找矿远景

遂平石寨铺铁矿区位于河南省隧平县境内,属于沉积变质型铁矿,含铁层位是太古界太华岩群。依据地球物理特征及物探高精度磁法工作结果,与舞阳铁矿成矿条件对比,预测西北部找矿远景较好。     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

程潮铁矿废石和尾矿的综合利用技术研究

程潮铁矿的废石和尾矿堆放量在武钢矿业公司所辖4座铁矿山中是比较大的,探讨程铁废石和尾矿的综合利用具有重要的实际意义。本文简要介绍了程潮铁矿废石和尾矿的基本特性,分析了废石和尾矿再利用的可行性,探讨了振动筛分法筛选废石的可行性,进行了尾矿制作混凝土的研究。研究结果表明:振动筛分法可有效解决废石堆放和运输所产生的各种问题;利用程潮铁矿尾矿的低硅铁特性,加入一定比例的掺料,制成普通水泥混凝土,可以达到综合利用的效果。